Back is the part of the body between the waist and the lower part of the neck. Pain in the low back accompanied by a number of diseases. And so often, that the number of complaints to the medical institutions take the second place after respiratory diseases.
The most common causes for pain
What to do when back pain? Of course, consult your doctor. Treatment back not neurologists, orthopedists, General practitioners, chiropractic doctors. They found the real cause of disease, prescribe therapy. Cause of pain may be:
- osteochondrosis;
- spondiloarthrosis;
- ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew disease);
- lumbago;
- intercostal neuralgia;
- pregnancy;
- congenital and acquired curvature of the spine – scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis;
- professional factors;
- long-term exercise with a back muscle strain;
- tumor metastases in the spine;
- pain gives back in some diseases of the internal organs.
The main diseases that cause pain in the back, it is possible to combine into several groups: degenerative, inflammatory, myofascial, rare disease. Specifically addressed pregnancy as a physiological condition of the body.
Degenerative diseases of the spine
Osteochondrosis and spondiloarthrosis is a common disease, accompanied by pain in the back. The reason lies in the pathological changes in various structures of the spine. Differences and similarities between the two diseases, the following:
| The name of the disease | Pain caused | Reasons |
| Osteochondrosis | Defeat of the cartilage, intervertebral discs, starting with the nucleus pulposus. The suffering of the body adjacent vertebrae, with the formation of osteophytes, a hernia. | Injury, falls, physical and static load, age. |
| It is a diverse spondylosis or arthropathy | Disorders of the small (aspect) of the vertebrae with the formation of bone growths. Degeneration of the fibrous ring of the intervertebral discs, ligaments pathology. | Lower back pain, injury, exercise, posture and function of the foot. |
Sciatica, lumbago, intercostal neuralgia, radicular syndrome are synonyms of the same disease. This is due to the degenerative disc disease, complicated by a hernia. A hernia irritating, compression of the nerve roots, causing tension and spasm of the intercostal muscles. The result of this is that they are a severe pain in the lower back that can radiate into the legs. Is not a curable disease leads to paresis. The patient feels "pins and needles, numbness, reduced sensitivity of the limb. Legs difficult to lift and straighten. Terrible pain when sitting, try to sit or straighten the affected leg.
If you hurt your back due to degenerative disk disease or spondylarthrosis, you'll need to seriously hard to treat. In the initial stages, especially in young, the disease is curable. Otherwise, take a chronic course with periods of exacerbations and remissions. Over time, the frequency of exacerbations will increase, and of pain back to grow.
Inflammatory diseases
Ankylosing spondylosis
Is ankylosing spondylitis, chronic severe involvement of the joints of the spine. Is a genetic predisposition. Often affects young healthy men in the Prime of life. Sooner or later, the disease leads to disability. Spondylosis begins with changes in the panels. As the disease goes on the vertebrae, which are firmly bound together by connective tissue to the certain structure (the bamboo stick). The spinal column is fully transferred to the stationary state.
If you receive stiffness, dull pain back, you lose the flexibility of the spine, seek medical attention immediately. The development of the disease it is still possible to suspend and extend the time of physical activity.
Diseases Of The Kümmel-Verneuil
As ankylosing spondylitis belongs to a group of nonspecific spondylosis. Occur after injury. The tragedy of the disease is that a traumatic pain will soon pass. The disease is "silent" for an indefinite period of time. The injured man considers himself completely healthy. Disease suddenly shows necrotic changes of the vertebrae, fractures, frequent relapses, a terrible pain.
Spondylitis
Specific and nonspecific inflammation of the spine, due to various reasons. Specific spondylitis, which is a result of:
- tuberculosis of the vertebrae (Pott's disease);
- syphilis;
- gonorrhea;
- brucellosis;
- intestinal, bruchnotifozna stick.
Diseases, which are accompanied by destruction of the vertebral bodies, having a very strong persistent pain in the back, a deformity of the spine.
Myofascial pain
The name suggests that the disease affects the muscles and fascia of the back. Excessive muscle strain, injuries, posture, osteochondrosis in the fascia and muscles are shaped trigger. This is a tight painful education in the form of dice or lots. When you press the point and massage, which have a severe pain.
Trigger zones are active and passive. The active areas are places of increased sensitivity and irritability of the muscles fascia. Strongly reacting to the smallest movement of muscle. In the passive areas of pain only appears after pressing.
Internal medicine
Pneumonia, pneumonia cause pain back. Heart pain can radiate below the shoulder blades. Kidney disease is accompanied by prolonged pain in the lower back, the lower back. But for the physical diseases, in addition to the pain in the first place, there are other symptoms. For example, in pneumonia, pneumonia, cough, fever, breathing problems, etc
Physiological pain
Pregnancy – a physiological state of women, with frequent back pain. In the period of carrying a child on the woman's body down to radical hormonal changes. It increases the load on all the organs of the system, including the spine. Changing the emotional state of pregnant women.
Lower back pain in early pregnancy occur when the risk of miscarriage. They are annoying, painful, and sometimes convulsions. Pain in later stages is associated with increased load on the back muscles and the spine. Woman changing posture, increased lumbar lordosis is another reason, of pain pregnant.
With the threat of miscarriage have a medical emergency. To reduce the load on the spine, wearing prenatal bandage. In this crucial period it is important that all, even the heel height should be small.
Other reasons
Tumors
Benign and malignant, metastases in the spine on the adenoma of the prostate, myeloma cause unbearable terrible pain in the spine and the back.
Osteomyelitis of the spine
Rare diseases, which are caused by infection and inflammation of the vertebrae of the microbes: Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus. The impact on different parts of the spine. Often develops in men after 40-50 years. The disease is acute pain in the affected Section, high body temperature, intoxication.
Paget's Disease
Or osteodystrophy, occurs when the violation of the synthesis and regeneration of bone tissue. On the background of autoimmune disease, ankylosing spondylosis, fracture. It is characterized by weakness and increased fragility of the bones of the spine.
Diagnosis
If pain in the back, should be reviewed in its entirety. First, the physician carefully review the patient. Additional diagnosis is based on clinical and instrumental indicators.
In the review, it turns out, the character of the pain, localization, time of occurrence at night, when you change the position of the body during exercise, at rest, etc takes into account the presence of comorbidities that can cause pain in the back, pneumonia, pleurisy, tumors, mental illness, back injury. Then there are other studies:
- biochemical and blood analysis;
- radiography in two projections;
- Spine CT – computer tomography;
- MRI of the spine – magnetic resonance imaging;
- bone scintigraphy – the acquisition of 2-dimensional images through use of radioactive isotopes and other types of surveys.
Better painful the doctor knows what type of diagnostics to do. Sometimes determine the cause of the disease, enough radiography. Sometimes resort to additional, more informative types of tests.
Treatment
Depending on the type of disease and severity, select the desired method of treatment – conservative or surgical. Patients with acute pain and severe course of the disease, being treated in a hospital, other outpatient. Surgery are very rare. The advantage of conservative treatment, which affects the underlying disease. When pain is shown:
- non-steroidal medicines;
- synthetic hormones the adrenal glands;
- muscle relaxants;
- chondroprotectors;
- on the final day dentures.
A sharp pain shoot novocain blockades, injections of hydrocortisone, analgesics. Outside the aggravation shown, ointments, massage, therapeutic exercise, physiotherapy, chiropractic and reflexology. Good idea to stay in the region. For the temporary relief of the patient's spine, a special locking corsets.
The pain is not only a source of discomfort. In the initial period of the disease, which acts as a protective response, show that the body is wrong, and we need to take action.